Psychology Glossary

Hi, my name is Fiona Leduc and I'm a student at Ahuntsic College located in Montreal. I've been studying Social science for 2 years which includes, Sociology, Anthropology, History, Psychology and more. When I graduate I'm going to apply in University to study Psychology, particularly in Clinical psychology in order to help others. I created this glossary to help people in my field of study. Here you will learn the basis of psychology and will get to know more the vocabulary.

altruism: noun; The belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others.; Example: The theory starts with one mechanism - the competition between memes to get into human brains and be passed on again - and from this it gives rise to explanation for such diverse phenomena as the evolution of the enormous human brain, the origins of language, human ALTRUISM, sex, religion, and even the evolution of the internet (Blackmore, 1999).; en: altruisme
behavior: noun; The way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially toward others.; Example: That a person's attitude and beliefs can affect BEHAVIOR and therefore, can influence health.; en: comportement
biases: noun; prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.; Example: Alternatively, these discrepancies may be due to computational BIASES.; en: préjugés
catharsis: noun; The process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions. "music is a means of catharsis for them".; Example: She saw "tragedy as the universal experience," so she opted for the traditional CATHARSIS, or purging of emotion that Maggie and Tom's death delivers to the reader.; en: catharsis
cognition: noun; The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.; Example: Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggressive Behaviour, Aggressive COGNITION, Aggressive Affect, Physiological Arousal and Prosocial Behaviour: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Scientific Literature.; en: cognition
concept: noun; An abstract idea; a general notion.; Example: "It will take some imagination to construct a term that will not only account for the meaning attributed to gender in English, but will also be a more encompassing universal CONCEPT with the capacity to express the variety which is constantly being discovered about women and men cross-culturally " (del Valle, 1993, p2).; en: concept
consciousness: noun; The awareness or perception of something by a person.; Example: Self-awareness is a strength whilst self-CONSCIOUSNESS acts as a barrier to development and is therefore a weakness (Thompson, 2002).; en: conscience
credibility: noun; The quality of being trusted and believed in.; Example: The CREDIBILITY of the evidence is strengthened by triangulation of method and also data (Craig and Smyth 2002: 147).; en: crédibilité
dementia: noun; A condition characterized by progressive or persistent loss of intellectual functioning, especially with impairment of memory and abstract thinking, and often with personality change, resulting from organic disease of the brain.; Example: Prospective and retrospective memory in normal aging and DEMENTIA: A questionnaire study. Memory, 8, 311-321. Stokes, G & Holden, V. (1990).; en: démence
disorder: noun; A state of confusion.; Example: Reflection I have worked with adults who have learning disability and Prader- Willi Syndrome, which is a genetic eating DISORDER, for the last four years.; en: trouble
emotion: noun; A natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one's circumstances, mood, or relationships with others.; Example: They were perceived as being merely driven by EMOTION and not reason.; en: émotion
empirical: adjective; Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.; Example: Both of these scholars begin their theories on the basis that a culture or a society "is an EMPIRICAL whole made up of a limited number of readily available identifiable parts " (Leach, 1966, p6).; en: empirique
hypothesis: noun; a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.; Example: The findings by no mean draw a line under the debate but they do give more support to the visual predation HYPOTHESIS, as they show a lack of visual convergence in frugivores.; en: hypothèse
law of effect: noun; The law of effect is a psychology principle advanced by Edward Thorndike in 1898 on the matter of behavioral conditioning (not then formulated as such) which states that "responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation becomes more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a discomforting effect becomes less likely to occur again in that situation.; Example: The terms "satisfying" and "dissatisfying" appearing in the definition of the law of effect were eventually replaced by the terms "reinforcing" and "punishing," when operant conditioning became known.; en: loi de l'effet
objective: adjective; (of a person or their judgment) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.; Example: Ian Hodder claims that there are as many interpretations as there are archaeologists and that archaeology can never be fully OBJECTIVE, so that subjectivity and modern approach can affect the process of interpretation (Renfrew and Bahn 2002).; en: objectif
perspective: noun; A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view.; en: perspective
protocol: noun; The original draft of a diplomatic document, especially of the terms of a treaty agreed to in conference and signed by the parties.; Example: Legislative Context The European Works Council Directive (94 45 EC) was adopted in 1994 under Maastricht Treaty's social PROTOCOL and applied to all then 15 countries members of the European Union (EU), except for UK which opted out.; en: protocole
psychoanalysis: noun; A set of theories and therapeutic techniques that deal in part with the unconscious mind, and which together form a method of treatment for mental disorders. The discipline was established in the early 1890s by Sigmund Freud.; Example: However, on the other hand, the lack of evidence supporting PSYCHOANALYSIS as a treatment for anxiety disorders does not necessarily mean it is ineffective.; en: psychanalyse
psychologist: noun; An expert or specialist in psychology.; Example: If this boundary was properly addressed, as found in some psychological disciplines, a shift would be evident in both experimental methods and PSYCHOLOGIST's approach to the human in general. From Galileo to Rene Descartes the discipline of science was formed to identify the objective and not the subjective, which has in turn influenced how psychologists view the self (Abram, 1996).; en: psychologue
psychotherapy: noun; The treatment of mental conditions by verbal communication and interaction.; Example: His attachment theory has also had a wide range of implications, in relation to PSYCHOTHERAPY, as well as valuable outcomes to society.; en: psychothérapie

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